In some scenarios, the spacecraft will accelerate to so high speed what is possible, and then it would drive to the bubble around the star with speed, which is as close to the speed of light as possible. And in that process particle releases its energy as the flash of blue light, which is called Cherenkov radiation. When electrons or neutrons are hitting the water with speed, which is higher than the speed of light is in water, the slowing of that particle takes a short time. In the same space, we cannot cross the speed of light except for the extremely short time. If the electron travels in a vacuum and the photon travels in water that thing means that the electron faces the goal before the photon.īut if we would put photon and electron in the same medium, the photon is always faster. But the problem is that this effect is not possible in the same medium. The speed of light is slower in the medium like water, and in that case, the electron can easily cross that speed. So photon can travel faster than another photon.Īnd even if the effect of cosmic dust and gas could be minimum, they influence the speed of photons. And the 300 000 000 m/s could be the speed of photon, in the area where is no quantum fields or scattering effects. So the idea of the universe is traveling faster than the speed of light is basing the idea that all material and scattering effect of the electrons and photons, what is crossing the photons route are slowing the speed of that particle. So could the photon, which travels outside the bubble of visible material of the universe travel with the speed of 300 000 km/s, and the material or the quantum fields of the material or atoms are causing that the speed of light is in the bubble of visible material is traveling with the speed of 299 792 458 m/s.
The base of this hypothesis is that the photon, which travels in the total emptiness could be faster than the photon that is traveling in the medium. Or if we are thinking that the first photons, what released from the Big Bang are traveling in total emptiness, where is no quantum fields other things like crossing particles, what can affect the speed of photons, we might think that ahead of expanding edge of the universe is traveling photons, what is faster than photons what are in the bubble of material. This virtual speed between those first photos is possible if we are thinking that the universe is expanding in all directions at the same speed. If we are thinking that the size of the universe should meter between the first photons, what released from the Big Bang, that means that the distance between those photons increases with the speed of 2X of the speed of light. But if we choose the aspect of the expansion of the universe for the speed of the first two photons, which released the Great Bang, it means that the universe could expand in practice at a speed greater than the speed of light. We show that if we take into account special-relativistic effects when applying the Copernican principle, we get a modified version of the Hubble's law in which all the velocities are physically meaningful - in the sense that they never exceed the speed of light.If we look at the expansion of the universe from the perspective of molecules and atoms, then the universe expands at Hubble’s constant speed, which is far from the speed of light. In this paper, we consider this problem from a purely kinematic viewpoint. Since the Universe's expansion is a consequence of Einstein's General Relativity Theory (GRT), this problem is usually handled by taking into account GRT's curved character of space-time. The problem with the Hubble's formula is that for large distance, it leads to non-physical larger-than-speed-of-light velocities. This law can be derived from the Copernican principle, according to which, cosmology-wise, there is no special location in the Universe, and thus, the expanding Universe should look the same from every starting point. In the first approximation, the Universe's expansion is described by the Hubble's law v = H * R, according to which the relative speed v of two objects in the expanding Universe grows linearly with the distance R between them.
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